Courtesy: ISO 9506 Industrial automation system A proportional–integral–derivative controller (PID controller) is a control loop feedback mechanism (controller) widely used in industrial control systems. In a PID loop, the controller continuously calculates an error value {\displaystyle e(t)} as the difference between a desired setpoint and a measured process variable and applies a correction based on proportional, integral, and derivative terms, respectively (sometimes denoted P, I, and D) which give their name to the […]
Courtesy: ISO 9506 Industrial automation system Fundamentally, there are two types of control loops: open-loop control, and closed-loop control. In open-loop control, the control action from the controller is independent of the “process output” (or “controlled process variable”). A good example of this is a central heating boiler controlled only by a timer, so that heat is […]
Courtesy: ISO 9506 Industrial automation system Automation describes a wide range of technologies that reduce human intervention in processes, namely by predetermining decision criteria, subprocess relationships, and related actions, as well as embodying those predeterminations in machines. Automation has been achieved by various means including mechanical, hydraulic, pneumatic, electrical, electronic devices, and computers, usually in combination. Complicated systems, such as modern factories, airplanes, and […]
Courtesy: ISO 9001 2015 Certification A quality management system (QMS) is a collection of business processes focused on consistently meeting customer requirements and enhancing their satisfaction. It is aligned with an organization’s purpose and strategic direction (ISO 9001:2015). It is expressed as the organizational goals and aspirations, policies, processes, documented information, and resources needed to implement and maintain it. […]
Courtesy: ISO 9001 2015 Certification Dytz argues that ISO 9001 certification is based on 7 management principles and that companies are free to develop their internal tools and working methods, however, the model adopted to audit and certify companies does not evaluate the effectiveness of these methods. Even when there is still a superficial analysis […]
Courtesy: ISO 9001 2015 Certification A common criticism of ISO 9000 and 9001 is the amount of money, time, and paperwork required for a complete implementation, and later when needed, ISO 9001 certification. Dalgleish cites the “inordinate and often unnecessary paperwork burden” of ISO, and says that “quality managers feel that ISO’s overhead and paperwork are […]
Courtesy: ISO 9001 2015 Certification The ISO 9001 standard is generic; its parts must be carefully interpreted to make sense within a particular organization. Developing software is not like making cheese or offering counseling services, yet the ISO 9001 guidelines, because they are business management guidelines, can be applied to each of these. Diverse organizations—police departments (United States), professional soccer teams (Mexico), and […]
Courtesy: ISO 9001 2015 Certification ISO 9001:2008 in essence re-narrates ISO 9001:2000. The 2008 version only introduced clarifications to the existing requirements of ISO 9001:2000 and some changes intended to improve consistency with ISO 14001:2004. There were no new requirements. For example, in ISO 9001:2008, a quality management system being upgraded just needs to be checked […]
Courtesy: ISO 9001 2015 Certification The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) does not certify organizations themselves. Numerous certification bodies exist, which audit organizations and upon success, issue ISO 9001 compliance certificates. Although commonly referred to as “ISO 9000” certification, the actual standard to which an organization’s quality management system can be certified is ISO 9001:2015 (ISO 9001:2008 […]
Courtesy: ISO 9001 2015 Certification In addition to many stakeholders’ benefits, a number of studies have identified significant financial benefits for organizations certified to ISO 9001, with an ISO analysis of 42 studies showing that implementing the standard does enhance financial performance. Corbett et al. showed that certified organizations achieved a superior return on assets compared to otherwise similar organizations […]