Courtesy: Permit of Rostechnadzor
The Federal Service for Environmental, Technological and Nuclear Supervision (Rostekhnadzor; Russian: Федеральная служба по экологическому, технологическому и атомному надзору (Ростехнадзор)) is the supervisory body of the Government of Russia on ecological, technological, and nuclear issues. Its functions include the passage of regulatory legal acts, supervision and oversight in the field of environmental protection, limiting harmful technogenic impact (including the handling of industrial and consumer waste), safety when working with the subsoil (e.g., mining), protection of the subsoil, industrial safety, atomic energy safety (not including the development, preparation, testing, operation and use of nuclear weapons and military atomic facilities), the safety of electrical and thermal facilities and networks (except for household facilities and networks), the safety of hydraulic structures at industrial and energy sites; the safety of manufacturing, storage, and use of industrial explosives, and special state security functions in these areas.
Russian Government Resolution № 404 of 29 May 2008 transferred Rostekhnadzor to the Ministry of Natural Resources and the Environment; previously, the service had been directly subordinate to the government. However, this was reversed by President Dmitry Medvedev on 23 June 2010, when he brought it back under the direct control of the government. In accordance with RF Government Resolution No. 54 of 1 February 2006, Rostekhnadzor was entrusted with oversight of the construction industry.
History
Rostekhnadzor was created in 2004, in a merger of the Federal Atomic Oversight Service and the Federal Technological Oversight Service. Environmental oversight functions were transferred to it after the Federal Environmental and Natural Resource Oversight Service was transformed into the Federal Natural Resources Oversight Service. The combined structure was initially headed by the former director of Federal Atomic Oversight, Andrey Malyshev, who was acting director of the new service for 18 months.
From 5 December 2005 to 20 September 2008, the service was headed by Konstantin Pulikovsky, and from then until 2013 by Nikolai Kytin [ru]. The current head of Rostekhnadzor is Aleksandr Trembitsky.
Structure
Since September 2009, Rostekhnadzor has consisted of a headquarters, 23 regional departments for industrial and environmental supervision in federal districts, 7 interregional departments for nuclear and radiation safety, and 4 technical support organizations. In turn, the Headquarters has 16 departments organized by function.
Rostov Nuclear Power Plant (Russian: Ростовская АЭС [pronunciation ]), also known as Volgodonsk Nuclear Power Plant (Russian: Волгодонская АЭС [pronunciation , is a Russian nuclear power plant located on the left bank of the Tsimlyansk reservoir in the lower stream of the Don River near Volgodonsk, Rostov Oblast.
Construction of Rostov reactor No. 1 began in 1977 and operations began in 2001. Construction of reactor No. 2 commenced in 1983 and finished in 2010. Unit 3 was connected to the electrical grid for the first time in December 2015. Unit 4 underwent first criticality on 7 December 2017, and put into commercial operation on 28 September 2018. Units No. 3 and 4 are of an upgraded VVER-1000/320 subtype.
The post-Soviet Union revival of the nuclear industry of Russia took place at Rostov in the early 2000s, with the completion of the building of unit 2 in 2010, unit 3 in 2015 and unit 4 in 2017. Unit 4 was the last VVER-1000/V-320 reactor built
GOST (Russian: ГОСТ) refers to a set of international technical standards maintained by the Euro-Asian Council for Standardization, Metrology and Certification (EASC), a regional standards organization operating under the auspices of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS).
All sorts of regulated standards are included, with examples ranging from charting rules for design documentation to recipes and nutritional facts of Soviet-era brand names. The latter have become generic, but may only be sold under the label if the technical standard is followed, or renamed if they are reformulated.
The notion of GOST has certain significance and recognition in the countries of the standards’ jurisdiction. The Russian government Federal Agency on Technical Regulating and Metrology (Rosstandart) has gost.ru as its website address.
GOST standards were originally developed by the government of the Soviet Union as part of its national standardization strategy. The word GOST (Russian: ГОСТ) is an acronym for gosudarstvennyy standart (Russian: государственный стандарт), which means state standard or governmental standard.
The history of national standards in the USSR can be traced back to 1925, when a government agency, later named Gosstandart, was established and put in charge of writing, updating, publishing, and disseminating the standards. After World War II, the national standardization program went through a major transformation. The first GOST standard, GOST 1 State Standardization System, was published in 1968.
Present
After the disintegration of the USSR, the GOST standards acquired a new status of the regional standards. They are now administered by the Euro-Asian Council for Standardization, Metrology and Certification (EASC), a standards organization chartered by the Commonwealth of Independent States.
At present, the collection of GOST standards includes over 20,000 titles used extensively in conformity assessment activities in 12 countries. Serving as the regulatory basis for government and private-sector certification programs throughout the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), the GOST standards cover energy, oil and gas, environmental protection, construction, transportation, telecommunications, mining, food processing, and other industries.
The following countries have adopted all or some of GOST standards in addition to their own, nationally developed standards: Russia, Belarus, Moldova, Kazakhstan, Azerbaijan, Armenia, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Georgia, and Turkmenistan.
Because GOST standards are adopted by Russia, the largest and most influential member of the CIS, it is a common misconception to think of GOST standards as the national standards of Russia. They are not. Since the EASC, the organization responsible for the development and maintenance of the GOST standards, is recognized by ISO as a regional standards organization, the GOST standards are classified as the regional standards. The national standards of Russia are the GOST R standards.
Ukraine scrapped its GOST (DSTU) standards in December 2015